Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community, increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics, woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State. The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties. The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox and heterodox, my side and your side.
🔗 Texto adaptado de: Schuman, F. L. International Politics: The Destiny of the Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
145. In the first sentence of the second paragraph, “woefully” and “transiently” modify two different actions.
🔎 Gabarito: CERTO
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada do item
O item direciona a análise para a primeira frase do segundo parágrafo, especificamente para os advérbios “woefully” e “transiently”.
A tarefa é verificar se esses advérbios modificam a mesma ação ou ações distintas.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica do item
A estrutura relevante da frase é:
“The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics, woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal gods…”
O advérbio “woefully” modifica o particípio “lost”, indicando que a perda desse equilíbrio foi grave, lamentável.
Já o advérbio “transiently” modifica o particípio “regained”, indicando que a recuperação do equilíbrio foi temporária, passageira.
Temos, portanto, dois eventos distintos: a perda do equilíbrio e sua posterior recuperação, cada um qualificado por um advérbio diferente.
⚠️ 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas da banca
• Achar que ambos os advérbios se referem genericamente a “the uneasy balance”.
• Ignorar que cada advérbio está imediatamente associado a um particípio distinto.
• Desconsiderar o paralelismo sintático “lost / regained”.
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ “Woefully” qualifica a perda do equilíbrio.
✔ “Transiently” qualifica a recuperação do equilíbrio.
✔ Cada advérbio modifica uma ação diferente.
Gabarito confirmado: CERTO.